Management Research and Consultancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The executives Research and Consultancy - Essay Example It is self-evident, that the examples of HRM in family and non-privately-run company are unique, accordingly it ought to have been exceptional to discover the distinctions in HRM designs between various privately-owned companies, to layout the main considerations that impact these conduct and the methods of making these practices work for organizations of little and medium organizations. The work takes note of, that the terms HRM is now and again utilized in the incorrect manner, to supplant the well known term of Public Management. Be that as it may, it ought to be recollected that HRM is to some degree diverse circle of exploration, than the PM is. In this way, as the work is assembled at looking at the HRM examples of various types of little and medium ventures, less consideration is paid to privately-owned company itself, as a brilliant case of abnormal and exceptional human relations inside every endeavor. Simultaneously, the current examination is an endeavor to fulfill the dire requirement for contemplating the HRM forms in the little and medium firms; as such exploration has consistently been made for huge companies. The significance of HRM in each firm, either huge, or little, isn't contended. It is one of the key ways for the turn of events and progress of any association. 2. Assess the writing survey and the way that the analysts have utilized it to set examination questions and structure of the venture. The exploration depends on a major number of artistic works, identifying with human asset practices and privately-run company as the monetary marvel. There is no contention about the reality, that it is simpler to oversee in the littler condition, and the exploration identifies with crafted by Story and Guest (1987), which recommend, that the key ideas of any human asset the board are high adaptability, excellent, high incorporation and high duty, yet Guest's book was composed for the large organizations, and accordingly it is somewhat uncertain, regardless of whether his thoughts are relevant to the littler business; this issue needs further examination. Despite what might be expected, the Story's thoughts with respect to the significant job of correspondence and rationale are important for little privately-owned company, as the correspondence in any human relations plays one of the first, if not the primary, job. The writing, picked for the exploration, is only from time to time dedicated to HRM in little firms, as this conversation has consistently needed consideration and intrigue, however it is comprehended, that the flourishing of little firms, and fruitful HRM, as a significant piece of this success, is the principle incitement for the general monetary development. (Dundon, 2001) The writers, who have dedicated their time and books to the HRM, never truly focused on the littler and medium business, basically sketching out the need for such exploration, without going further into the subject. (Legge, 1995; Bach and Sisson, 2000; bacon, 1996; Creagh et al.,

How does society shape people’s lives? Essay

The point of this exposition is to investigate how society shapes people’s lives. The importance of the word â€Å"shaping† in this setting intends to â€Å"influence or affect† (The Open University, 2013, YO32 p 29). This paper will concentrate on Childhood: Body picture and stress related dietary issues, from Block 4, Unit 3 and Psychology: Social impact, bliss and regular and engineered satisfaction from Unit 5. Society has formed us to grasp a somewhat extraordinary self-perception to that of 100 years prior to where being thin is presently viewed as the standard (The Open University, 2013 Unit 3, 3.2). There has been a move from the plumper self-perception found in artworks going back to the nineteenth century, to the ultra thin catwalk models of today. As there has been a move in self-perception, there has additionally been a move in dietary patterns (The Open University, 2013, Unit 3, 3.2). It is currently more uncertain for families to plunk down together and eat the more customary three suppers per day, with youngsters now bound to support vitality thick cheap food abstains from food (NSHD) (n.d.). The National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) (n.d.) suggests that youngsters should take ordinary exercise and have at least 3 brief meetings of activity every week and drink at least 2 liters of water for every day. The weight society puts on youngsters to adjust to the perfect self-perception has prompted numerous youths creating pressure related dietary issues (The Open University, 2013, Unit 3, 3.4). There are three fundamental dietary issues: Anorexia Nervosa (A), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and pigging out (The Open University, 2013, Unit 3, 3.6). Cluttered eating is a dysfunctional behavior where the patient seriously limits their calorie consumption. In spite of the fact that young ladies are essentially influenced by anorexia a critical number of young men are likewise influenced (the Open University, 2013). AN is very not quite the same as BN giving victims of BN cause to gorge and afterward cleanse to make themselves debilitated, subsequently controlling their weight (The Open University, 2013, Unit 3, 3.4). It could be contended that the media’s depiction of the perfect body shape may prompt youngsters creating dietary issues. The proof recommends the Press might be somewhat to fault, and that society is disregarding a sob for help. Cited in the Daily Telegraph (Jardine, 2013), Kate Moss said â€Å"nothing tastes comparable to thin feels† †remarks like this add fuel to the contention. Stresses over physical appearance lead to low confidence and a need to control weight, which may lead into a pattern of despondency and a further loss of certainty (NIMH) (n.d.). Dietary patterns have changed essentially in the post war period (Young’s, 2004). Young’s brings up that these adjustments in dietary patterns and the wealth of food now accessible, to a limited extent because of the pretended by stores, inexpensive food outlets and the development in global travel, could likewise be detrimentally affecting self-perception. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2004) reports 10% of kids are overweight loaning backing to the contention that self-perception in the media may impact the youthful. Dietary issues, for example, AN and BN are endeavors by youngsters to be in charge of the manner in which th ey look and are depicted by society, which may impact their satisfaction. The impact of our social jobs inside society, regardless of whether in our work or home lives, will influence our satisfaction in our individual jobs (The Open University, 2013 p47). Impacts on joy and despondency may incorporate considers, for example, being work, solid family support, a great system of companions and a feeling of having a place (The Open University, 2013 p48). Being dynamic and keeping one’s brain dynamic is likewise a significant piece of being upbeat and having however many various wellsprings of enthusiasm as would be prudent may add to this. Individuals who are less dynamic and have less contacts might be unhappier than the individuals who don’t (Layard, 2005). How one sees bliss may fluctuate with the socio-social condition in which they were raised, with individuals in Western culture being commonly more joyful (White, 2006). The impact of joy on our regular daily existences contributes significantly to the manner in which we feel about ourselves. As an animal varieties we have advanced a system by which we can make up nearly anything. Gilbert depicts a component he characterizes as a â€Å"experience simulator†, which implies we can envision a circumstance before it really occurs (The Open University, 2013 p51). Another term presented by Gilbert is â€Å"impact bias†, which extensively implies that inside 6 a year following a clearly groundbreaking event,â one will be as cheerful after the occasion as in the past. Gilbert clarifies â€Å"real bliss is the thing that we get when we get what we need, rather than engineered joy which is the thing that we get when we don’t get what we truly want† (The Open University, 2013 pp50-51). It could be contended that in the event that we assume a specific job we can combine a more noteworthy feeling of bliss. The proof proposes that whatever our job in the public eye is, we have a capacity to locate the best in each circumstance. Layard (2005) brings up that our cultural jobs have a significant impact in apparent satisfaction. Gilbert (The Open University, 2013) focuses to logical information that would appear to affirm Layard’s see that a person’s feeling of satisfaction can be affected by how we live our lives. Gilbert presents two arrangements of trial information as proof that joy can be incorporated. These arrangements of information were from just a little example size and the outcomes may not be illustrative of society, so further research ought to be attempted. One’s individual feeling of joy, regardless of whether engineered or genuine, will think about how society when all is said in done works. In the author’s conclusion, having a cheerful society must be acceptable in making a more joyful world. End Society has formed us to accept that self-perception is very significant, as we are continually besieged with a perspective on the apparent perfect. Looking great would seem to satisfy us, potentially more so during our childhood, however there are clearly numerous different variables that can add to joy. References (Every one of these references have been visited) Jardine, C. (2010) ‘Eating issue in the young’, The Telegraph, 29 September 2010 [Online]. Accessible at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/wellbeing/youngsters shealth/8030962/Eating-issue in-the-young.html (Accessed 16 May 2014). Layard, R. (2005) Happiness: Lessons from a New Science, New York, Penguin. National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) (n.d.) [Online]. Accessible at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/wellbeing/distributions/ dietary issues/index.shtml (Accessed 14 May 2014). National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) (n.d.) [Online]. Accessible at http://www.nshd.mrc.ac.uk/(Accessed 21 May 2014). The Open University (2013). Square 4, Unit 3, Childhood: society, food and kids. 3.6 distinctive dietary problems [Online]. Accessible at http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Anorexia-nervosa/Pages/Introduction.aspx (got to 23 May 2014) The Open University (2013). Square 4, Unit 3, Childhood: society, food and youngsters. 3.2 smart dieting [Online]. Accessible at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=441400#downloads (got to 23 May 2014). The Open University, 2013. YO32-13J. Square 4, Unit 3 Childhood: society, food and kids. 3.2 good dieting [Online]. Accessible at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=441400#downloads (Accessed 30 April 2014). The Open University, 2013. â€Å"Block 4 society, Unit 5†. Brain research, society, selves and bliss, p47. Milton Keynes, The Open Unive rsity. The Open University, 2013. â€Å"Block 4 society, Unit 5†. Brain research: society, selves and joy, p48. Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University, 2013. YO32 People, work and society get to module. Appraisal rules, p29. Milton Keynes, The Open University. White, A. (2006) â€Å"University of Leicester delivers the principal ever world guide of happiness† [Online]. Accessible at http://www.le.ac.uk/ebulletin-document/ebulletin/news/official statements/2000-2009/2006/07/nparticle.2006-07-28.html (Accessed 24 April 2014). World Health Organization (WHO) (2004) ‘Fight youth weight to help forestall diabetes, says WHO and IDF’, WHO, 11 November 2004 [Online]. Accessible at http://www.who.int./mediacentre/news/discharges/2004/pr81/en/(Accessed 20 May 2014). Youngs, I. (2004) ‘My wartime menu’, BBC News Online, 30 June 2004 [Online]. Accessible at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/greetings/magazine/3847041.stm (Accessed 23 April 2014).

Product Design

Product Design As the name indicates, the process of creating a new product for sale to customers is known as product design. Thought this definition tends to oversimplify, product design is actually a broad concept which encompasses a systematic generation and development of ideas that eventually leads to the creation of new products. Design experts work on concepts and ideas, eventually turning them into tangible products and inventions.The product design expert works with art, science and technology to create these products. This increasingly complex process is now supported by evolving digital tools and techniques that reduce the involvement of a large team and help visualize a product in great deal before it is created. © Shutterstock.com | Brian A JacksonIn this article, we look at the 1) product design process, 2) product design stages, 3)  product design types, 4) factors affecting  product design, 5) considerations in  product design, and 6) examples of successful  product designs.1. PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESSEvery design team may follow a different process for product design and development. One process, outlined by Koberg and Bagnell, describes how to turn design ideas into products. The process flows from problem identification to brainstorming ideas, prototype creation and eventually creating the product. This is followed up the formal manufacture of the product and a critical evaluation to identify any improvements that may be needed.This method includes three stages. The later two may need to be looked at repeatedly during the process.Analysis At the beginning of the process there needs to be extensive research involving concrete facts and figures. This data then feeds into possible solutions to the problem at hand, and the best way to achieve these solutions. Formally, two stages are involved here:Accept Situation â€" The designers commit to the project and identifying a solution. Available resources are consolidated to reach this goal most efficientlyAnalyze â€" The team now collectively begins research to collect all relevant data to help reach a solution ConceptOnce the problem and potential solutions are narrowed, the final solution is identified and conceptualized in detail. This includes working out adherence to standards and how closely the visualized solution meets identified customer needs. One basic stage here is:Define â€" Here, the team identifies the key issue or issues. Using the problem conditions as objectives and constraints as parameters within which to operate, the team narrows down the informationSynthesisAt this stage, the solutions are turned into ideas and the best ones are highlighted. These ideas of design turn into prototypes on which actual p roducts will be based. This stage can be broken down into 4 steps:Ideate â€" Different ideas and solutions are brainstormed here. The best idea bank is created when there is no bias or judgment towards ideas presentedSelect â€" The ideas brainstormed are narrowed down to a few which can give the best results. Plans for production can now be createdImplement â€" A prototype can now be created and the plan becomes a productEvaluate â€" In the final stage, the prototype should be tested and any tweaks necessary should be made. If the prototype does now perform as anticipated, further ideas may need to be brainstormed. 2. PRODUCT DESIGN STAGESWithin the broad stages mentioned in the previous section, detailed stages can be followed in a systematic manner to design successful products. These stages include:The Design BriefA statement of intent, the design brief states the problem to be addressed. It serves as a starting point from where the design team can orient themselves. By itself ho wever, it does not offer sufficient information with which to begin the actual design process.The Product Design Specification (PDS)A vitally important but often overlooked and misunderstood stage, the PDS document lists the problem in detail. Before working on producing a solution, there needs to be a deep understanding of the actual problem identified. This document should be designed after conversations with the customer and an analysis of the market and competitors. The design team should refer back to it often for correct orientation at later stages.The Concept DesignWith the PDS document as a guide, the design team will now begin to outline a solution. At this stage, the design is largely conceptual, with a framework of key components in place with details to a later stage.   The details included at this stage will depend on the type of product being designed. It is important to understand both upstream and downstream concerns relating to the product at this point. These may i nclude activities such as manufacturing, sales and production costs among other things. This early understanding of the value chain will help eliminate or reduce rework and multiple iterations.In this stage, concept generation and evaluation are both a vital consideration. Multiple concepts, each fulfilling the product requirements previously identified are identified and then evaluated to decide the best way forward.The Concept GenerationAt this point, a design team may involve a larger audience to help brainstorm the details of concepts drawn up in the previous stage. A group that includes various expertise may end up being the most successful in terms of creative ideas and solutions. It is pertinent to encourage all ideas to be voiced as this increases the chances of innovation.The Concept Evaluation With a number of potential concepts in hand, a suitable design now needs to be chosen that fulfills the product design specifications previously generated. This document should serve as a basis for final design decisions. Again, a multi skilled team should be involved here so that all angles of the chosen design can be evaluated. The concept that is closest in solving the problem identified and fulfills the most design requirements will now be developed in detail.The Detailed DesignAt this point, the final concept has been chosen and most obvious kinks have been worked out. The concept is now designed in detail with the necessary dimensions and specifications. At this stage, it may be important to produce one of more prototypes to test the product in close to real scenarios. It becomes vital for the design team to work in close cooperation with other units such as manufacturing and logistics to ensure the practical aspects of production and supply.Eliminating Design IterationsAlthough traditionally sequential, multiple iterations within these stages can be reduced by asking the following questions:Manufacturing â€" Can we make the product at our existing facili ty?Sales â€" Are we able to produce what the customer wants?Purchasing â€" Do we have required parts available or do they need to be ordered?Cost â€" What will the design cost us to make?Transport â€" is the product sized for available transportation methods? Will there be any special transportation needs?Disposal â€" How will the product be disposed of at the end of its life?3. PRODUCT DESIGN TYPESTwo basic categories encompass most product designs. These are:Demand â€" Pull InnovationDemand â€" Pull happens when a product design can directly take advantage of an opportunity in the market. A new design works towards solving an existing design issue. This happens either through a new product or a variation of an existing product.Invention â€" Push InnovationThis innovation occurs with an advancement in technology or intelligence. This is driven through research or a creative new product design.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCT DESIGNCost One major factor that affects product design is th e cost of production including material costs and labor costs. These in turn affect the pricing strategy, which needs to be in line with what the customer is prepared to pay for it.ErgonomicsThe product needs to be user friendly and afford convenience in its function. Using ergonomic measurements, minor or major changes may need to be made to product design to meet essential requirements.MaterialsWhether the requisite materials are available easily is an important consideration in product design. In addition, an eye needs to be kept on new developments in materials and technology.Customer RequirementsOne major and obvious influence on the design on the product is the customer and their requirements. It is vital to capture customer feedback on any prototype as well as during the planning and conceptual stages. Even a technologically advanced and exciting feature may need to be removed if it causes dislike or negative feelings in an end user.Company IdentityThe company’s identity is a point of pride and as a matter of course, a product’s very design or color schemes and features may be determined by this identity. The logo may need to be featured in a specific manner or subtle or overt features of the company identity may need to be built into the design.AestheticsThe product may need to appear stylish or of a certain shape. This form may end up determining the technology that it built into the product. This may in turn also affect the manufacturing process that needs to be followed.FashionThe current fashion and trends may also affect a certain product’s design. Customers will want the most updated options and this needs to be considered during product design.CultureIf a product is for a certain market with its own individual culture, this needs to be kept in mind during product design. A product acceptable in one culture may end up being offensive or not desirable in another one.FunctionsHow many problems is the product trying to solve? The number of use s and functions a product has will impact its design.EnvironmentAnother consideration to product design is its impact on the environment. The average customer these days may be more discerning and concerned about the environment than before. Things to consider here may include whether the materials used are recyclable, how the product will be disposed of at the end of its life or how the packaging can be disposed of.5. CONSIDERATION IN PRODUCT DESIGNProduct design is a complex process, since all the relevant stakeholders have different requirements from the product. An example of conflicting needs that will require attention during product design are:Economic ViabilityThe manufacturer will want the product to be created at the lowest cost possible, in order to maximize profit and ensure sales. A prohibitively expensive product will have higher price tag and may drive away customers. Often, this may mean a product redesign or a compromise on quality.Price, Appearance, and Prestige Va lueThe customer will always want a well presented product with a functional yet aesthetically appealing design. They will also want it to be priced reasonably. The appearance may not always be vital to function, but if there are multiple nearly similar products in the market, the look of the product may become the deciding factor.FunctionalityThere needs to be equal focus on the functionality of the product or how well it performs. This is a given as the product foremost needs to perform as it claims to. The end user may purchase for the external appearance. But long term satisfaction and repeat usage will only occur if the product performs at an optimal levelMaintenanceProduct designers, manufacturers and maintenance workers may all favor a modular construction for a product. The more easily different parts can be worked on individually, the more versatility the product offers. A re-design effort may only need to focus on changing certain parts rather than the whole, the manufactur er can easily tweak elements without changing entire production processes and maintenance workers may not need to disassemble everything, thereby reducing repair time and effort.6. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL PRODUCT DESIGNThe Apple iPhoneApple is consistently ranked as one of the most innovative companies in the world. Though not always successful initially, Apple has managed to create unique products with superior designs that have great appeal with end users. The Apple iPhone revolutionized the cell phone market with its innovative features, streamlined design and an entire supporting universe through the app store. Though it was not the pioneer in smart phones, Apple is extremely successful because it created a beautiful product that gives a superior user experience to a consumer.The Porsche CayenneA respected and coveted sports car maker, Porsche entered the SUV market a few years ago. The sports utility vehicle is thought to be boring and the category has broad generic definitions of utilitarian. Porsche, through the Cayenne, endeavored to bring together the rational and the emotional. Through focused product design, the company managed to build an SUV that has all the necessary features of this category of car but with the driving experience of any other Porsche car. This resulted in successful sales and made this car a breakthrough product into a new market for a premium brand.6WunderKinderLaunched by a young, innovative start-up, this company launched a cloud based, cross platform productivity application called Wunderlist in 2010. It is now one of the most popular apps of its kind and boasts millions of users. It successfully launched across five different platforms in a brief span of time. Data is seamlessly updated across multiple devices and the design is simple but effectiveWhen designing a new product or re-designing an existing, it is pertinent for the company to clearly identify what problem it is attempting to solve through this new product. It is vital to involve a multi skilled team in order to ensure a critical view of all ideas and in fact to offer a wider and more innovative pool of ideas to choose from. It is also very important to consider the customer and their requirements and desires from the very beginning of the product till the very end. It is also a good idea to not get emotionally attached to a design. This can make the team lose focus of what is to be done in order to create and successful and lasting product. Instead, a critical and analytical view of the process should be taken, with any changes that are necessary being made.With this approach and mindset, creating successful product designs will become a more systematic process and the resulting products will leave a long term impact on the consumers.Read more about the overall process of Product Development here: Product Development â€" An Overview: From Idea To Product

The Great Depression The Biggest Economic Downfall

The Great Depression is the biggest economic downfall America has ever experienced. It was a time when almost all Americans suffered, one way or another. It was a devastating period for several people and, therefore, thousands went through rough family separations, poverty, and other emotionally challenging experiences. Starting in 1929 lasting ten years, this was one of the longest economic downfalls in the history of such a modernized world, and unfortunately, the people were highly affected, as over fifteen million people became unemployed, which is a prodigious twenty-five percent of the population (Taylor, par. 7). Due to the fact that America was one of the most industrialized nations, this depression was truly unexpected. One stock market crash set America in a completely different direction, and the American dream that everyone aspired to achieve in their lifetimes suddenly vanished. Thousands of people became jobless and got thrown into the streets, not knowing what to do. A lbeit many may say that the people suffered deeply, others believed there was a silver lining. Survivors of The Great Depression mention that they have changed emotionally, physically, and have become more conscious towards helping their planet Earth. Thus, while the lack of financial security during the Great Depression was certainly emotionally stressful, for many Americans this uncertainty actually triggered significant personal character developments in many facets of their lives. DuringShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression and President Herbert Hoover783 Words   |  4 PagesTaking office the same year as the Great Depression, Americas thirty first president, Herbert Hoover greatly impacted the lives of many Americans. It has been stated that the stalk market crash was to blame for the greatest economic downturn in American; however, Ex-President Hoover made critical mistakes during the depression that he would be blamed for the rest of his life. 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Heres What I Know About Creative Persuasive Essay Topics

Here's What I Know About Creative Persuasive Essay Topics Things You Won't Like About Creative Persuasive Essay Topics and Things You Will There are various ways that may be utilized to begin your paper, but nevertheless, it should always begin with a particular hook to grab readers' interest. It's possible for you to explore unique ideas of beauty throughout different nations. Possessing a cupcake in either hands is the perfect illustration of a balanced diet. The main reason is the fact that it may cause your audience to eliminate interest in what you're saying. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. Remember, the proposal needs to be legitimate and you have to actually feel that what you're writing can convince your instructor. What are the variety of ways to accomplish an aim of sustainable fashion. At length, keep in mind that a huge portion of being effective in persuasion is the capability to interest your audience's emotions. The very first step is to search for something which you find compelling. Perform extensive research on the subject of your choice and make an impressive persuasive speech that individuals will remember for long. Many people wind up covering the identical tired topics they see in the media daily, just because they can't produce a better idea. Discussing something that you're familiar isn't only more fun but also a great deal simpler. All people ought to be given the right to strike. If you think that you don't have enough skills for writing your persuasive speech, you can hire expert help. Even thought you may not think you're a master at persuasion, odds are you're much better than you believe. You may trust us to supply expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. Search for something in which you have sufficient knowledge and experience. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. Usually, a structure of essay contains three major sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. It will be simpler that you compose a great persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. The custom is allowed in some states, but it's frowned upon and illegal in a lot more states. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a particular age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. The Awful Side of Creative Persuasive Essay Topics Video topics ought to be banned. MP3 music ought to be free. Maybe you thought you learned more due to the internet format. Children shouldn't be permitted to play computer games. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. Students must be mindful about what they post on social networking. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. The founding fathers of the USA were hypocrites. More persuasive housing is required. Though some say completely free public transportation would assist the environment and cut back traffic, others think completely free public transportation is too costly, and the government can't afford to cover it. A minumum of one parent should work at home. You are a genuine expert in regards to persuasive essay topics. Research is vital to understand what catchy and fun persuasive speech topics you would like to write about. Weave in your perspective to earn your essay unique. So sometimes you are able to buy persuasive essay or essay do the job all on your own. If all things should be equal is important to get male beauty pageants that focus just on physical attraction and talent the exact same as female beauty pageants. After you identify your audience you are going to be more equipped to compose your speech. Qualities of a great persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. A broader explanation of the very first essay is just require. You are able to explore unique ideas of beauty throughout the last few centuries. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a conventional face-to-face course. There are many different persuasion procedures that were shown to be the best in an argumentative essay. Feel free to pick a topic you will delight in writing about and not just one that you believe will please your professor.

Chapter 20 †Neurofinance Free Essays

string(132) " new and growing fields, results from economics, finance, psychology, and neuroscience provide the basis for further investigation\." 20. 1 INTRODUCTION In this book we have argued that cognition and emotion are powerful influences on people’s decisions. Traders are, of course, no different. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 20 – Neurofinance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This chapter begins by considering what we know about what sets a successful trader apart from other people. We have all contemplated the oft-debated question of nature versus nurture in explaining whether a person thrives or fails. In this final chapter, we further investigate where choices come from. The evidence suggests that there are both environmental and biological foundations. The chapter begins in Section 20. with a discussion of expertise, namely, what makes a skillful trader? Cognitive skills are honed through practice and repetition, but emotion also has a significant role. Next, in Section 20. 3, we turn to the emerging field of neurofinance. Using imaging technology, researchers are contributing to our understanding of how people make decisions. In Section 20. 4, we describe some of the insights recently provided by neurofinance researchers. These researchers have found that cognition and emotion have complementary effects. Traders whose emotions appear to be in balanc e perform the best. Uncertainty and risk are experienced differently by our brains, as are gains versus losses and risk versus return. The chapter concludes in Section 20. 5 with some practical advice. 20. 2 EXPERTISE AND IMPLICIT LEARNING Consider the following situation. You are at a large concert and run into a good friend, Molly. Of course, you recognize her face immediately. Now think about this. What if, instead, you know Molly is at the concert but is seated across the venue. The friend you came to the concert with, Amy, is going to look for Molly, but the two have never met. You do your best at describing Molly to Amy. What’s the chance that Amy will be able to identify Molly among thousands of concert goers? Not too likely. Much of what we know we cannot describe in words. A face is a very complex thing, and we simply do not have enough words to explicitly describe one particular person very accurately. Language is categorical, whereas the distinguishing features of two similar faces may be fuzzy. Some cognitive scientists assert that people have knowledge that they cannot verbalize, referred to as implicit learning or tacit knowledge. Brett Steenbarger argues that traders also have information about markets that they cannot adequately describe in words. Like a human face, markets are probably more complex than the language we have to describe them. Does this mean we need a finer grid with which to describe markets? Or, does this view suggest that we need to better understand how traders make decisions? Excellence in most fields requires expertise. How do we define expertise? Usually we think in terms of relative performance so that those at the top of their game are considered to be the experts. Because of tacit knowledge, an expert chess player or pro football player often knows instinctively what the best move is, perhaps without any cognitive evaluation whatsoever. Recall in our discussion of the foundations of emotion in Chapter 7 that psychologists believe that emotions can develop completely independently from cognition. In other words, you can feel fear without first cognitively recognizing what is making you fearful. While observing a market, a trader may instinctively know the move he wants to make. Steenbarger notes that in many instances traders will make similar buy or sell decisions and then, ex post, provide very different descriptions of the information that led to the decision. The traders saw the same information, acted the same way, but understood their behavior quite differently. Perhaps a trader makes a decision based on instinct with no preceding cognitive evaluation. Afterward, the trader generates an explanation that is cognitively consistent with his expectations. Steenbarger argues that â€Å"the successful trader feels the market but does not become lost in those feelings. Studies of expert athletic performers have reached similar conclusions. For example, one study argues that â€Å"emotions, and the capability to regulate them effectively, arguably account for a large portion of the variance in athletic performance. † In the trading domain, an expert trader often has a gut feeling about a particular situation but remains in control by taking careful, d eliberate action. Does this mean that trading expertise is innate and cannot be learned? Reading the information in a market could be like understanding a social interaction. Some people are just better at it than others. While some level of innate ability is probably requisite, the evidence suggests that expertise is finely honed. Not too many of us would believe that a professional quarterback spent his teen and early adult years watching football on television while sitting on the couch eating chips. Knowing the rules of a game does not make you good at the game. Practice and repetition are common ingredients across successful experts. For example, accomplished violinists spend, on average, 10,000 hours practicing. Successful traders also devote a lot of time to practice. This practice gives them the ability to connect what they know about a market to the action they should take. Through implicit learning they are able to make better and more efficient decisions. A day trader who spends hours, or even minutes, evaluating a current market circumstance before making a trading decision will certainly find it difficult to succeed. 20. 3 NEUROFINANCE While we know that practice is necessary to hone any skill, unlocking the mysteries of the brain is an important key to understanding how to promote the development of expertise in any realm, including investing. Are evolutionary theorists correct in their contention that our basic emotions have evolved to promote the survival of the species as we discussed in Chapter 7? Do expert performers have innate characteristics, or can anyone develop expertise in trading? Neurofinance and neuroeconomics use neurotechnology to examine how the brain behaves while a person is making financial and economic decisions. In these new and growing fields, results from economics, finance, psychology, and neuroscience provide the basis for further investigation. You read "Chapter 20 – Neurofinance" in category "Papers" Neuroscience uses brain imaging, as we described in Chapter 7, to understand brain activity and how the brain works. With this technology, scientists can actually measure emotional response. The potential of the technology has not gone unnoticed by practitioners. In fact, Jason Zweig, senior writer for Money magazine and guest columnist for Time magazine and cnn. com writes: I’ve been a financial journalist since 1987, and nothing I’ve ever learned about investing has excited me more than the spectacular findings emerging form the study of â€Å"neuroeconomics. Thanks to this newborn field †¦ we can begin to understand what drives investing behavior not only on the theoretical or practical level, but as a basic biological function. These flashes of fundamental insight will enable you to see as never before what makes you tick as an investor. Investors who better understand â€Å"what makes them tick† will be better prepared to make good investment decisions . It is important to understand that neuroscience is not simply interested in mapping out parts of the brain. Instead, by looking at how the brain reacts during various activities, scientists can understand how the brain functions and solves problems. We will better understand the mix of cognitive processing and emotional responses. Which responses are controlled and which are automatic responses? These insights will allow economic theorists to improve models of decision-making, as well as investor education efforts. Recall from our earlier discussion of the brain that automatic and controlled responses are associated with different parts of the brain. Automatic responses often stimulate the amygdala, whereas controlled responses activate the forebrain (or prefrontal cortex). Using imaging technology, scientists can observe the areas of the brain that are activated during a task. In Chapter 7 we also talked about Damasio’s studies of the behavior of brain-damaged patients. The patients were emotionally flat due to frontal brain lobe damage, and Damasio concluded that decision-making and emotion are intertwined. Though studies of braindamaged patients can be informative, brain imaging technology allows more control so that research can be conducted with greater precision. Neuroscientists are making great progress on brain function, and, as a result, researchers are proposing new models and theories that better incorporate aspects of psychology, including emotion. 0. 4 INSIGHTS FROM NEUROFINANCE Neuroscientists have investigated a variety of questions related to financial decision-making. Several studies have lent insight into the forces of emotion on trading by studying the physiological characteristics of professional securities traders while they were actively engaged in live trading. In one study significant correlations between market movements and physiological characteristics such as skin conductance and cardiovascular data were reported. Differences were also detected across traders, perhaps related to trading experience. Another study looked at whether emotion was found to be an important determinant of a trader’s ability to succeed in financial markets. It was found that those whose reaction to gains and losses was most intense had the worst trading performance, suggesting the obvious need for balanced emotions. Brain imaging has been used as experimental participants have made risky choices. This research indicates that how gains and losses are both anticipated and realized is likely to differ inasmuch as different regions of the brain are activated. When gains are anticipated, a subcortical region known as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) becomes active. This region is rich in dopamine, a substance that has been associated with both the positive affect of monetary rewards and addictive drug use. The fact that this region is only active during anticipated gains (but not losses) lends plausibility to the differential experiencing of gains and losses in prospect theory. Other brain imaging research indicates that what might lie behind ambiguity aversion is the fact that risk and uncertainty are experienced in different ways. Recall in Chapter 1 where we discussed the distinction between risk and uncertainty. With a risky choice, the person can assess the probability of the outcomes, but under uncertainty the probabilities are unknown. The distinction is important here because the brain may evaluate a choice in a risky situation differently from a choice when one faces uncertainty. Research indicates that when facing uncertainty the most active regions were the orbitofrontal cortex (a region integrating emotion and cognition) and the amygdala (a region central to emotional reaction). In contrast, when facing risk, the brain areas that responded during their task were typically in the parietal lobes so that the researchers concluded that choices in this setting were driven by cognitive factors. In sum, uncertainty appears to be more strongly associated with an emotional response, while risk leads to a cognitive reaction. It has been suggested that when times becomes more uncertain (for example in 2008, as was described in Chapter 14), the inability of investors to properly assess the distribution of future returns leads to their moving from rational deliberation to a primarily emotional response. The result could be widespread unwillingness to hold risky assets in turbulent markets, a tendency that can only exacerbate market declines. A neural test of myopic loss aversion has also been conducted. A group of patients with brain lesions on areas known to be associated with the processing of emotions were compared to a control group. The former group was significantly more likely to take on risk than the control group. Further, the lesion group exhibited greater consistency in their levels of risk aversion. In other words, those with a reduced capacity for fearful responses behaved in a manner more in line with expected utility theory. Another study focused on how decision-makers’ brains reacted to varying levels of risk, rather than on learning or expected values. Using a gambling game, expected values and risk were varied while participants’ brain activation was monitored. As is typical in finance, rewards were measured using expected payoffs and risk using the variance of payoffs. Interestingly, the researchers report that brain activation varied in both time and location for reward and risk. Brain activation in response to rewards was immediate, whereas brain activation in response to risk was delayed. Time and location of activation is important because if we can separate the effects of risk and reward in the brain, researchers can further investigate how changes in risk perception affect decision-making. For example, they could examine how misperception of risk and cognitive difficulties contribute to less-than-optimal behavior. 20. 5 EXPERTISE AND EMOTION Research indicates that understanding neural responses will help us to gain insight into some of the puzzles we have talked about in this book. In addition, there are important implications for trader education. We are all familiar with the old adage that â€Å"practice makes perfect. † In order to gain expertise, it is important to know the rules of the game, so reading up on investing is not a bad idea. But, at the same time, much practice through many simulations under divergent market conditions will promote better decision-making while trading. But, does it pay to become an expert? While we know that many long hours of studying and practice are required, is this effort sufficiently rewarded? There is evidence that this question can be answered in the affirmative for financial practitioners. One researcher constructed a â€Å"differential reward index† as the income for a specified percentile divided by the median income for each occupation. This measure allows us to differentiate high average income from high income for those whose expertise is greatest in a particular profession. For financial and business advisors, including stock brokers, earnings are related closely to achievement. At the 90th percentile the differential reward index was 3. 5, indicating that the top 10% earned 3. 5 times more than the median income level. In fact, this was the largest observed value for the differential reward index across all occupations studied! Thus the evidence suggests that the benefit of becoming a skilled financial advisor may far exceed the cost. So how can one become an expert? Researchers have concluded that tacit knowledge is an important predictor of success in business as measured by salary, rank, and the level of one’s company (e. g. , whether it is among the top 500 in the Fortune rankings). Practical knowledge, or the ability to gain tacit knowledge and turn it into a good strategy, is a function of a person’s environment and ability. Thus, with a certain level of competence, hard work can be translated into success. A successful trader, nonetheless, should always remember that emotion is critical to the outcome. We have argued throughout this book that emotion can enhance decision-making. Previously cited evidence suggested, however, that traders are advised to be wary of intense emotional reactions. Another recent study used neuroimaging to examine how decision-makers’ brains responded while playing the ultimatum game described in Chapter 11. When unfair offers were rejected by the responders, the investigators reported significant increases in brain activity in the anterior insula, a brain area associated with emotion. Recall that even offers that are viewed as unfair should be accepted by a responder who cares only about increasing her earnings. Thus, traders are advised to exert their cognitive skills when experiencing a strong emotional reaction in order to overcome the tendency to react emotionally, just as a responder in the ultimatum game who is aware of his emotional response is well advised to accept an offer even if it seems unfair. Emotional responses and cognitive evaluations of risk can be quite different. Think about how many people perceive the risks of automobile and airplane accidents. Though riding in an automobile has been shown to be the less safe alternative, often an emotional response plays the dominant role, which may keep some people off airplanes. CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 1. Expertise is defined in terms of relative performance so that those at the top of their game are considered to be the experts. 2. Implicit learning reflects knowledge that cannot be described using language. 3. Experts have developed implicit knowledge that enhances performance in their particular domain. 4. Neurofinance uses brain imaging technology and results from economics, finance, and psychology to better understand how the brain works. 5. Physiological differences exist across professional traders, and emotion is an important determinant of a trader’s ability. 6. Measured brain responses to changes in risk and reward vary in both location and time of activation. 7. Practice is necessary to excel in trading, and good traders may make decisions based on gut feelings, while at the same time ensuring that they control their emotional responses. How to cite Chapter 20 – Neurofinance, Papers

Synopsis for Grievance Handling Essay Example

Synopsis for Grievance Handling Essay The aim of the study is to find whether the grievance handling mechanism ensures that employee’s problems are recognized and appropriately reviewed in a prompt and timely manner. 2. The grievance mechanism acts as a foundation for a harmonious and healthy relationship between employee and employer. 3. The grievance mechanism ensures a fair and just treatment of employee’s concerns and prompt resolution of grievances without discrimination, coercion, restraint or reprisal against any employee who may submit or be involved in a grievance.Benefits of having Grievance procedure: ? The grievance procedure provides a means for identifying practices, procedures, and administrative policies that are causing employee complaints so that changes can be considered. ? They reduce costly employment suits. ? A grievance procedure allows managers to establish a uniform labor policy. ? A grievance system can be a reliable mechanism to learn of, and resolve employee dissatisfaction. It c an produce early settlements to disputes or provide for correction of contested employment issues.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of grievance handling mechanism. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE 1. To identify whether the employees are aware of the grievance handling mechanism. 2. To identify whether the grievance handling system leads to a favorable attitude towards the management 3. To identify that the grievance handling system leads to a mutual understanding between workers and the management 4. To know the level of satisfaction towards the grievance handling procedure of the organization . To identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of the grievance handling in the organization Research design The research design followed for this research study is descriptive research design where we find a solution to an existing problem. The problem of this study is to find the effectiveness of Grievance Handling at ITC Limited, Saharanpur. Sample Design Sa mple Element: Employees at ITC Limited, Saharanpur. Sample Size: 50 samples Sample Test: Percentage Method CorrelationSample Media : Questionnaire Sampling Method: Simple Random Sampling Scope for the study †¢ The project will throw light on need for Grievance handling mechanism at ITC Limited, Saharanpur and this study will help the management to understand whether there is need to improve the grievance handling process in the organization. †¢ This study will be useful when similar kind of research is undertaken. Limitations of the study †¢ The sample size is restricted to 50. †¢ Personal interview of the employees is not allowed.

Nursing Scholarship Essays

Nursing Scholarship Essays Nursing Scholarship Essay Nursing Scholarship Essay Fort Collins, CO Accomplishments: Worked with a team to develop and implement a mass-communications-research coding scheme studying the coverage of health issues by television, print, and internet media.Performed general office clerical duties including use of a variety of computer programs and office equipment. Trained new employees on use of computer and office equipment and methods of office administration, research, and data organization. Wrote a user-guide for the office scanner. Tracked files and data for three research projects.

9 Easy Steps to Make More Money At Work

9 Easy Steps to Make More Money At Work We can’t all be hedge fund managers and zillionaires. But there are a few very practical strategies that can help you maximize your assets. 1. Location Location LocationDon’t just flock to L.A., Chicago, Boston, or New York because they’re there (and so big and shiny). Use a resource like Zillow.com to check for metro areas with a better bang for your buck- cities like Dallas, Atlanta, and Indianapolis, where housing costs are a much lower percentage of your income. A lot of these cities are up-and-coming and great places to live.2. Be proactiveDon’t wait six months or a year for your first performance review to ask for that raise. Most companies make their budgets at the end of their fiscal year; if you can, start the conversation before that window closes.3. Give it a NumberLet your boss know what you want before you explain why you’ve earned it. And set a range; you’ll appear flexible; and you never know, you might end up with the big numb er.4. Go RogueExecutives who switch jobs can end up with an up to 15% pay bump, compared with your typical 3% raise. Make that kind of upward move at the age of 40, and you can make a 9% difference in your lifetime income.5. RebrandYou’re not the same employee you were when you were fresh out of college with your first resume. Tailor your current resume to your current goals, and drop whatever positions are no longer relevant to your career.6. DigitizeWhy look for other opportunities when the Internet can do it for you? Keep up on LinkedIn, Poachable, and Poacht, and sex up your profile with keywords pertinent to the job you want. This will attract prospective employers without your even having to go looking for them!7. Climb HigherEven if you’re late in your career, aim to make it up just one more rung on the ladder. It can make all the difference in cumulative earnings, not to mention the ego boost of conquering another level of the game.8. Go LateralNo more free run gs on your ladder? No worries. Hop to the adjoining one if opportunities are short. Just make sure not to burn any bridges- and keep your boss sweet in case you ever need a glowing reference.9. Have a Back-Up PlanYou never know when everything is going to come crashing down around you. Prepare for the worst and you’ll never get caught with your pants down. Have an idea for a small business or a freelance project? Keep it in your back pocket for emergencies and never lose a chance to earn.9 Ways to Make More Money at Work

A Perspective on Information and Communication Technologies Dissertation

A Perspective on Information and Communication Technologies - Dissertation Example Increasing complexities, combined with the availability of technology to tackle them, are the milestones of technological progress requiring all sections of society to keep pace. The academic world is no exception. Information society has been defined as ‘a society in which the creation, distribution, and manipulation of information has become the most significant economic and cultural activity’ (UK National Inventory Project, 2000). To meet demands of the information society a number of initiatives have to be taken to ensure that the new generations are prepared to meet its challenges. The associated changes in the way in which knowledge is produced and used are of key relevance to higher education in the twenty-first century (Gibbons, 1998). Â  Through an appreciation of historical and contemporary literature key impact areas are identified in relation to their effect on students, their teachers and the quality of education imparted. These key areas are then evaluated to determine the relative importance of each. Using the reported experience of two schools that have incorporated ICT into their education systems, assessment of the actual experience and impacts felt is made and compared with the impact areas identified. This is done with the objective of giving substance to the recommended steps for deriving maximum benefit from the positive impacts of ICT in education. Â  The term ICT is quite broadly used and covers all aspects of computers, networks (including the Internet) and other devices the important thing is to understand what the technology can do, not how it works. Making a distinction between devices on the basis of technology employed is futile as digital technology pervades more and more areas of our lives every day (TTA, 1998).

Leading in Teaching, Learning and Mentoring Practice Essay

Leading in Teaching, Learning and Mentoring Practice - Essay Example Moving onwards to the role of a teacher as a leader in the educational settings, it can be further elucidated by considering the major roles of a teacher leader as explained by Harrison and Killain (2007). Through their work, they have emphasized the role a teacher can play in the lives of their pupils both by working along with his colleagues and also himself directly. Some of them include role of a teacher as a; Participative leadership- through which the teacher leader himself becomes a part of the change being brought about and is in a better position to collaborate with his fellows in achieving a set target A teacher leader is different from a school leader. He enjoys authority and power of a more expanded nature. Through formal and informal efforts, a teacher leader can collaborate with his colleague and even the head of the institution for the betterment of the educational setup. While in the work environment, a number of incidences are encountered which further strengthen the statement that a teacher plays the role of a leader. Two of such cases are elaborated in the subsequent paragraphs. I had the opportunity to work in Meadow High School and teach autistic children with special needs. During my stay there as a teacher, I came across the ways in which these children were being dealt with. While some of them were commendable, I found certain aspects of interaction and teaching lacking there. The school plans and teaches to a mainly primary model which prepares the student for an entry level qualification, although there are opportunities for the students to gain GCSE’s and A levels if the students are able to do so. In recent years the needs of students have become more complex as was witnessed by me during my interaction students which all had Autism of a moderate to complex level. ‘Autism is one of the most common developmental disabilities in the world, affecting approximately 1

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy Essay

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy Essay The task isnot so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Erwin Schrodinger. Schrodinger was an intelligent man who worked in all fields of science. In his work with atoms, he had changed and improved the atomic model as they knew it. Statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, color and its perception, the general theory of relativity, unified field theory, particle physics, philosophy, the history of science, molecular genetics, and, especially, quantum mechanics-the multifaceted genius Erwin Schrodinger studied and contributed to all these fields in the early 20th century and earned half of the 1933 Nobel Prize in physics for his major accomplishment in quantum mechanics, the Schrodinger equation. He even invented a cat that possessed the amazing property of being alive and dead at the same time. The proverbial nine lives of an ordinary cat pale in comparison (Rosen). Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrodinger was born on August 12, 1887, in Vienna, Austria, to Rudolf and Emily Schrodinger (Rosen). His father was a well working chemist, painter and botanist, who owned an oilcloth factory. Schrodingers father, Rudolf Schrodinger, ran an oilcloth factory, but his true passions were painting and botany (Oakes). According to Rosen, Until age 10, Erwin was schooled at home, where he learned to speak both German and English, as both languages were spoken there. In 1898, he entered gymnasium (equivalent to high school in the United States). There he excelled in all fields but disliked the classes that required rote memorization. For example, Erwin loved physics, mathematics, and Latin grammar, which are all strictly logical, while he hated memorizing dates and facts. He grasped the physics and mathematics material right away, without doing any homework, and was easily able to solve problems in them immediately after class. After graduating from the Akademi sche Gymnasium in Vienna in 1906, Schrodinger entered the University of Vienna, where he first developed an interest in theoretical physics under the tutelage of Friedrich Hansenohrl. Upon receiving his Ph.D. in 1910, Schrodinger took a position at the universitys Second Physics Institute as a laboratory assistant to the experimental physicist Franz Exner (Oakes). Schrodinger was an expert in many fields, an atomic theory was one of them. He said electrons are to miniscule and move to fast to describe exactly where they are. (Brainhoney 4.04) He said that the electrons move around a given shape, a cloud. A powerful model of the atom was developed by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Schrodinger combined the equations for the behavior of waves with the de Broglie equation to generate a mathematical model for the distribution of electrons in an atom. The advantage of this model is that it consists of mathematical equations known as wave functions that satisfy the requirements placed on the behavior of electrons. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to imagine a physical model of electrons as waves (chemed.chem.edu.purdue). The fundamental equation of wave mechanics. It describes the wave function à Ã‹â€  of a particle such as an electron. There is a time-dependent Schrodinger equation and a time-independent Schrodinger equation. The time-independent Schrodinger equation is used to calculate energy levels and wave functions of quantum-mechanical systems such as atoms, molecules, solids, and nuclei. In three dimensions the time-independent Schrodinger equation is , where is the Laplace operator, m is the mass of the particle, E is its total energy and V is its potential energy. The Schrodinger equation was put forward by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926 and solved by him for the hydrogen atom. The equation is not exactly solvable for any other atomic and molecular system. In general, approximation techniques and/or the use of computers are needed to obtain accurate solutions to the Schrodinger equation for systems with more than two particles (Rennie). Also, besides working with atoms, Schrodinger had develop ed another theory called Schrodingers cat. He suggested a closed box containing a sample of radioactive material, a tube of cyanide, and a cat. The apparatus was to be constructed so that decay of a nucleus ejected a particle, which activated a mechanism to break the tube of cyanide. After a certain time, if a nucleus had decayed the cat would have died; if not the cat would still be alive. Schrodinger pointed out that, according to our way of interpreting quantum mechanics, the nucleus had neither decayed nor not decayed until an observation was made, and it followed that the cat was neither dead nor alive until someone opened the box and observed it (Rennie). Schrodinger was a genius, and has not had his model disproven yet, for science cannot look deeper into the atom currently. The difficulty that Schrodinger was showing is this: as long as quantum behavior is confined to the atomic and subatomic worlds, it works superbly and people must and can accept it. But quantum mechanics should also apply to the macroscopic world, the world of cars, cakes, and cats. Yet the macroscopic world does not exhibit quantum behavior. Schrodinger was on to something very deep, as this problem is still under investigation (Rosen). Schrodinger also tried his hand at the theory of relativity, which was unsuccessful. He studied electromagnetism and relativity and tried his hand, unsuccessfully, at a unified field theory, an idea that Einstein was working on at the time. (Rosen) Erwin Schrodinger was a person of many interests, into which he was capable of delving deeply. His many contributions to human culture were mostly in physics, but also in such near and far fields as color perception, biology, history, and philosophy. Schrodinger inspired others to develop ideas and make their own contributions in various fields. His most important achievement was the Schrodinger equation, for which he shared the Nobel Prize. The idea for which he is best known beyond the physics and chemistry communities is surely Schrodingers famous alive-and-dead cat, which continues to haunt the thoughts of physicists and philosophers to this very day. (Rosen) Schrodingers own words best describe his original genius: The task is, not so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.

Thelma and Louise – the Analysis

THELMA AND LOUISE In the opening scene, Louise is serving coffee at her diner and advices her customers against smoking as it kills one’s sex drive. This can be seen as a fertilization symbol. The movie starts with two best friends, Thelma and Louise, planning a road trip. It is shown how condescending and inconsiderate Thelma’s husband Daryl is. Thelma decides against telling him about the trip. Louise arrives at Thelma’s in a light blue 1966 Thunderbird convertible. The fact that the car is a convertible works slightly to their advantage at one point in the future. Thelma carries her gun.This shows how insecure and paranoid she is. Thelma is very excited about the trip. Louise, however, is composed and indifferent. Soon, Thelma insists that they stop at a bar and Louise, after some persuasion, agrees to make a quick stop. A man named Harlan flirts with them. Thelma dances with Harlan. She starts to feel unwell and goes outside with Harlan. Harlan attempts to ra pe Thelma. Louise reaches there in time, holding Thelma’s gun to Harlan’s head. Just when Thelma and Louise turn around to leave Harlan starts saying offensive things to them. This makes Louise very angry and she shoots him.They flee from the scene of crime. Louise blames Thelma and this makes Thelma upset. Meanwhile, a detective named Hal Slocumb starts the investigation of the murder. Louise calls her boyfriend Jimmy and asks him to wire $6,700 to her. Thelma meets young and handsome guy called JD who asks for a ride. Louise decides that she wants to escape to Mexico but she doesn’t want to go through Texas to get there. They meet JD again and decide to give him a ride. They arrive in Oklahoma City to pick up the money and find Jimmy waiting for them. Jimmy proposes to Louise.Meanwhile, with the money in her room, Thelma has a wonderful sexual experience with JD. This is a fertilization symbol. In the morning, however, JD steals the money and takes off. Till t his point we find Thelma vulnerable, passive, immature and irresponsible, doing what Louise asks her to do. But when Louise breaks down and is on the verge of giving up, Thelma takes charge. From this point on we see Thelma grow as a character and show her strong and responsible side. Thelma robs a convenient store. From this point on they are more relaxed and jovial. It almost feels like they are having fun.They meet a sexist truck driver. He makes gestures with his tongue. This can be seen as a yonic symbol. He also makes hand gestures which suggest masturbation. This can be seen as a phallic symbol. Thelma figures out as to what happened to Louise in Texas. They meet the sexist truck driver again. They lure him to a deserted place and ask him to apologize for his behaviour. When he refuses to do so, they blow up his truck. The police find them. After a long car chase they arrive near a small underpass. Thelma and Louise’s car passes through the underpass as they are drivin g a convertible.The police cars can’t pass through. They reach the Grand Canyon and are soon surrounded by the cops. Louise doesn’t want to give up and Thelma suggests that they drive off the cliff. They kiss and Louise steps on the gas. Hal runs behind the car in an attempt to stop it. In the closing scene, Thelma and Louise hold hands and the car flies off the cliff. Analysis: It is not known exactly as to what happened to Louise in Texas. All we are sure of is that she was raped in Texas. It’s not clear whether she filed charges and if there was a trial. But it is understood that whoever raped her got away with it.This explains why she loses her cool when Harlan is unapologetic and starts abusing her verbally after trying to rape Thelma. During the course of the movie we see that Louise knows a lot about the law. It is rare for someone to know so much about how the justice system works unless they have undergone a trial. Later on in the movie Detective Hal te lls her on the phone that he knows about the incident in Texas. He couldn’t have known about it unless charges were filed. It is possible that Jimmy told him but it’s highly unlikely that Jimmy knew about it considering how secretive and clammed up Louise is.This suggests that there was a trial and clearly Louise was denied justice due to the loopholes in the system. This explains why she doesn’t trust the cops and decides against going to the police after the shooting even though Thelma suggests it. Knowing what exactly happened to Louise could have made the movie slightly better. Thelma’s life story is known to the viewers and that helps to connect with her. Louise’s character on the other hand is kind of mysterious. Only her current status is known. This makes it a little hard to completely understand her and connect with her.It would be unlike Louise to tell Thelma or anyone else about Texas since she is tight-lipped and obviously still disturb ed by it. But the film makers could have shown it as Louise’s memory flashback or a nightmare to make it easier for the viewers to sympathize with her more than they already do. The intention of the movie is to show how anti-feminist the society is and how the justice system back then and maybe even today fails to protect the women. The message is loud and clear. Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned. Or worse, two women scorned.

The Israeli-Arab Wars - 799 Words

Israeli-Arab wars basically refer to a series of conflict between Israel and some Arab states. These wars have been complicated or heightened by a list of factors linked to strategic, political, and economic interests in the regions of the great powers. In some occasions, people refer to the Israeli-Arab wars as hostilities caused by religious differences between Jews and Muslims (Quandt, 2013). Nonetheless, this paper will analyze one of the Israeli-Arab wars, the 1967 War also known as the Six-Day War, based on facts like its primary cause, the countries involved, the overall strategy for each side, as well as the state which achieved military victory. Additionally, the primary battle of this conflict, its overall end result, and the reasons for selecting the Six-Day War will also be covered. Cause of the Six-Day War and the Countries Involved The Six-Day War started in June 1967, and was fought within a period of six days; between 5th June and 10th June. The primary cause of this war was the dramatic intensification of the tension between Israel and its Arab neighboring states during the mid-1960s. It’s imperative to note that the tension had its own triggers, one being the Israels policy of diverting water down to Negev Desert from the Jordan River. Basically, this move angered the Arab countries, particularly Syria, Egypt and Jordan (Quandt, 2013). Israel got involved in the war because of the tension caused by the terrorist activity against its land which hadShow MoreRelatedThe Arab-Israeli Six Day War791 Words   |  4 PagesThe Arab-Israeli Six Day War began on the 5th of June 1967, with Israel in the position of being surrounded by extremely hostile forces on 3 sides, out numbered in troops and weapons, limited in resources, and a significant possibility of annihilation as a nation. Their selected defensive option was an extremely well planned and exactingly executed pre-emptive strike on the air and ground forces of Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt. The primary objective was to gain early air superiority, eliminateRead MoreA Brief Note On The Arab Israeli War1203 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Arab and Israeli Conflict The Middle Eastern area has experienced and suffered more conflict and blood shed than probably any part of the world. The Arab-Israeli war in 1948 was the first step of a century of bloody and hostile conflicts. The Arab- Israeli war was caused by a number of factors both intraregional and international, which created a catalyst of war through a complex situation. This was triggered by Israel’s independence declaration in 14 May 1948; in the Arab-Israeli war the victorRead MoreThe Events Of The 1973 Arab Israeli War3801 Words   |  16 PagesThe 1973 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Yom Kippur War was a war that was fought by an alliance between Arab nations against the State of Israel. The war was fought between the 6th and the 25th of October, 1973. It began as the Arabic alliance launched a surprise attack on Israeli territories during the holiest day of the Judaic calendar, Yom Kippur. Egyptians started their attack from the Sinai Peninsula on the 6th with Syria attac king simultaneously from the Golan Heights. These two regionsRead MoreThe Debate over the 1948 Arab-Israeli War2889 Words   |  12 PagesThe debate over the 1948 Arab-Israeli war The 1948 war, which started among the newly established state of Israel and the troops of Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq, is the result of decades of history that generated tensions between Arabs and Jews over the land of Palestine. There are lots of debates concerning the causes that gave birth to this endless conflict; some believe that religion has been the main reason of the dispute due to the importance of the holy city of Jerusalem for bothRead MoreWhat Caused the First Arab-Israeli War?755 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first Arab-Israeli War? All throughout the early decades of the 20th century there had been tension between rival Jews and Arabs as they both believed the land of Palestine belonged to them. But on 14th May 1948 Ben Gurion announced the newly formed state of Israel and that is the main reason to what was the cause of the ‘War on Independence’. After the First World War Britain was given mandatory powers over Palestine as the countries of the Western World believed the Arabs could notRead MoreEffects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli Relation764 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the Effects of the Yom Kippur War on Arab Israeli relations. (12 marks) The Yom Kippur War happened in October 1973, which involved the Arabs and the Israelis, as well as two superpowers, the USA and the USSR. At the end of the war, the Israelis had won. However, the Israeli government and people were shocked by how the Arabs did. The Yom Kippur War has led to a number of effects on the Arab-Israeli relations, which can be classified as two aspects, short term and long termRead MoreArab – Israeli Wars Have Dominated The Middle East For1302 Words   |  6 Pages Arab – Israeli wars have dominated the Middle East for over 30 years ever since Israel became an independent state. Starting with the first Arab – Israeli war in 1948 to the most recent war, the Yom Kippur war in 1973, and possible wars and conflicts in the future. In order to better predict future confrontations it is important, for us as a military, to understand the implications and consequences of these wars. To understand the rise in tensions between Israel and the Arab world weRead MoreThe Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict?1719 Words   |  7 PagesLuke Horsley Preliminary Modern History Mr. Powell Historical Investigation â€Å"To what extent was the First Arab-Israeli War (1948-49) a political conflict?† WORD COUNT: 1388 In order to assess to what extent the First Arab-Israeli war was a political conflict, a working definition of ‘political conflict’ is needed. In this essay, the phrase ‘political conflict ’ refers to conflict motivated or influenced by a nation’s government or by the power, interests and securityRead MoreWhy Did Israel Win the First Arab-Israeli War1248 Words   |  5 Pages1948, Israel declared its independence as a new state. A war that officially lasted approximately 19 months ended with the Israelis’ victorious and proud owners of a legal Jewish homeland. Despite the fact that there is a vast array of sources, especially with the opening of the Israeli and foreign archives, they are all immeasurably biased and all tend to have opposing opinions one nearly every aspect of both the Arab-Israeli conflict and War. A number of factors led to this outcome namely foreignRead More1967 Six Day War903 Words   |  4 Pages(Six Day) War for Arabâ €“Israeli relations On the 23rd May 1967, the Israelis declared war on the Arabs due to the blocking of the straits to Israeli shipping. The 1967 Six Day War had a major impact on Arab-Israeli relations. This is due to Israel gaining control over the occupied territories, large increases of Jewish settlement in the occupied territories, the increase of Israeli military in the Middle East. The Israeli occupation of Arab territories had a large impact on Arab-Israeli relations

Law of the European Union Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Thus, prices of goods and services are fixed by the elasticity of demand. In other words, the degree of responsiveness of demand to the changes in price determines the worth of a product5. Logically, the higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded and vice versa. Based on this theory, economists identify that there are three types of markets: a perfectly competitive market, a monopoly and an oligopoly6. In a market where there is a single product, a perfectly competitive market will have a large number of buyers and sellers. Buyers and sellers will have access to perfect information. There will be no barriers to entry and exit of businesses in the production of the product in question. A monopoly is the exact opposite of a perfectly competitive market. Sticking to the core assumption, a monopoly exists where there is one dominant seller of the homogeneous product in question. This single producer might be too dominant or there are some barriers to the entry of other sellers into the industry. Aside a monopoly, there could be the case of an oligopoly where there is a small group of sellers who produce the single product. We will write a custom essay sample on Law of the European Union or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now An oligopoly might also restrict the entry of other producers except the few in the industry. Each of the three market structures have different implications for consumers. In a perfectly competitive market, a consumer has the best options. This is because prices are set by an interaction of demand and supply. What consumers can afford for a given product is what they tender in. This is because there are many buyers and sellers so if one seller increases the price, consumers will buy from another supplier who sells at a lower price. Where a monopoly exists, producers dictate to consumers. This is because consumers have no choice but to stick to the dominant producer. In the case of an oligopoly, the case is almost the same. In a perfectly competitive market, consumers get the product at the best price and at the best quality. This is because there are many producers and each producer will have to use the most efficient means of producing. The Rol e of European Union Law in Ensuring an Perfectly Competitive Market The theory of market structures exists in economics text books. In reality, there is the need for the intervention of the state and laws to ensure that competitive markets are established and maintained. The European Union established a supranational system that creates a common market for member states and provide a good livelihood for the citizens of the union7 The European Union laws provide a legal system that exists above the national legal structures8.